ulid¶

Universally Unique Lexicographically Sortable Identifier.

Modules¶

ulid/api¶

Defines the public API of the ulid package.

ulid.api.new() → ulid.ulid.ULID ¶

Create a new ULID instance.

The timestamp and randomness values are created from the instance Provider.

Returns: ULID from current timestamp
Return type: ULID

ulid.api.parse(value: Union[int, float, str, bytes, bytearray, memoryview, uuid.UUID, ulid.ulid.ULID]) → ulid.ulid.ULID ¶

Create a new ULID instance from the given value.

Note

This method should only be used when the caller is trying to parse a ULID from

a value when they’re unsure what format/primitive type it will be given in.

Parameters: value (ULIDPrimitive) – ULID value of any supported type
Returns: ULID from value
Return type: ULID
Raises: ValueError – when unable to parse a ULID from the value

ulid.api.create(timestamp: Union[int, float, str, bytes, bytearray, memoryview, datetime.datetime, ulid.ulid.Timestamp, ulid.ulid.ULID], randomness: Union[int, float, str, bytes, bytearray, memoryview, ulid.ulid.Randomness, ulid.ulid.ULID]) → ulid.ulid.ULID ¶

Create a new ULID instance using the given timestamp and randomness values.

The following types are supported for timestamp values:

The following types are supported for randomness values:

Parameters

timestamp (See docstring for types) – Unix timestamp in seconds
randomness (See docstring for types) – Random bytes

Returns

ULID using given timestamp and randomness

Return type

ULID

Raises

ValueError – when a value is an unsupported type
ValueError – when a value is a string and cannot be Base32 decoded
ValueError – when a value is or was converted to incorrect bit length

ulid.api.from_bytes(value: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview]) → ulid.ulid.ULID ¶

Create a new ULID instance from the given bytes, bytearray, or memoryview value.

Parameters: value (bytes, bytearray, or memoryview) – 16 bytes
Returns: ULID from buffer value
Return type: ULID
Raises: ValueError – when the value is not 16 bytes

ulid.api.from_int(value: int) → ulid.ulid.ULID ¶

Create a new ULID instance from the given int value.

Parameters: value (int) – 128 bit integer
Returns: ULID from integer value
Return type: ULID
Raises: ValueError – when the value is not a 128 bit integer

ulid.api.from_str(value: str) → ulid.ulid.ULID ¶

Create a new ULID instance from the given str value.

Parameters: value (str) – Base32 encoded string
Returns: ULID from string value
Return type: ULID
Raises: ValueError – when the value is not 26 characters or malformed

ulid.api.from_uuid(value: uuid.UUID) → ulid.ulid.ULID ¶

Create a new ULID instance from the given UUID value.

Parameters: value (UUID) – UUIDv4 value
Returns: ULID from UUID value
Return type: ULID

ulid.api.from_timestamp(timestamp: Union[int, float, str, bytes, bytearray, memoryview, datetime.datetime, ulid.ulid.Timestamp, ulid.ulid.ULID]) → ulid.ulid.ULID ¶

Create a new ULID instance using a timestamp value of a supported type.

The following types are supported for timestamp values:

Parameters

timestamp (See docstring for types) – Timestamp in milliseconds

Returns

ULID using given timestamp and new randomness

Return type

ULID

Raises

ValueError – when the value is an unsupported type
ValueError – when the value is a string and cannot be Base32 decoded
ValueError – when the value is or was converted to something 48 bits

ulid.api.from_randomness(randomness: Union[int, float, str, bytes, bytearray, memoryview, ulid.ulid.Randomness, ulid.ulid.ULID]) → ulid.ulid.ULID ¶

Create a new ULID instance using the given randomness value of a supported type.

The following types are supported for randomness values:

Parameters

randomness (See docstring for types) – Random bytes

Returns

ULID using new timestamp and given randomness

Return type

ULID

Raises

ValueError – when the value is an unsupported type
ValueError – when the value is a string and cannot be Base32 decoded
ValueError – when the value is or was converted to something 80 bits

class ulid.api.Timestamp(buffer: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview])¶

Represents the timestamp portion of a ULID.

Unix time (time since epoch) in milliseconds.
First 48 bits of ULID when in binary format.
First 10 characters of ULID when in string format.

property str¶

Computes the string value of the timestamp from the underlying memoryview in Base32 encoding.

Returns: Timestamp in Base32 string form.
Return type: str
Raises: ValueError – if underlying memoryview cannot be encoded

property timestamp¶

Computes the Unix time (seconds since epoch) from its memoryview.

Returns: Timestamp in Unix time (seconds since epoch) form.
Return type: float

property datetime¶

Creates a datetime instance (assumes UTC) from the Unix time value of the timestamp with millisecond precision.

Returns: Timestamp in datetime form.
Return type: datetime

property bin¶

Computes the binary string value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in binary string form
Return type: str

property bytes¶

Computes the bytes value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in bytes form
Return type: bytes

property float¶

Computes the float value of the underlying memoryview in big-endian byte order.

Returns: Bytes in float form.
Return type: float

property hex¶

Computes the hexadecimal string value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in hexadecimal string form
Return type: str

property int¶

Computes the integer value of the underlying memoryview in big-endian byte order.

Returns: Bytes in integer form.
Return type: int

property oct¶

Computes the octal string value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in octal string form
Return type: str

class ulid.api.Randomness(buffer: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview])¶

Represents the randomness portion of a ULID.

Cryptographically secure random values.
Last 80 bits of ULID when in binary format.
Last 16 characters of ULID when in string format.

property str¶

Computes the string value of the randomness from the underlying memoryview in Base32 encoding.

Returns: Timestamp in Base32 string form.
Return type: str
Raises: ValueError – if underlying memoryview cannot be encoded

property bin¶

Computes the binary string value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in binary string form
Return type: str

property bytes¶

Computes the bytes value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in bytes form
Return type: bytes

property float¶

Computes the float value of the underlying memoryview in big-endian byte order.

Returns: Bytes in float form.
Return type: float

property hex¶

Computes the hexadecimal string value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in hexadecimal string form
Return type: str

property int¶

Computes the integer value of the underlying memoryview in big-endian byte order.

Returns: Bytes in integer form.
Return type: int

property oct¶

Computes the octal string value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in octal string form
Return type: str

class ulid.api.ULID(buffer: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview])¶

Represents a ULID.

128 bits in binary format.
26 characters in string format.
16 octets.
Network byte order, big-endian, most significant bit first.

property str¶

Computes the string value of the ULID from its memoryview in Base32 encoding.

Returns: ULID in Base32 string form.
Return type: str
Raises: ValueError – if underlying memoryview cannot be encoded

timestamp() → ulid.ulid.Timestamp ¶

Creates a Timestamp instance that maps to the first 48 bits of this ULID.

Returns: Timestamp from first 48 bits.
Return type: Timestamp

randomness() → ulid.ulid.Randomness ¶

Creates a Randomness instance that maps to the last 80 bits of this ULID.

Returns: Timestamp from first 48 bits.
Return type: Timestamp

property uuid¶

Creates a UUID instance of the ULID from its bytes representation.

Returns: UUIDv4 from the ULID bytes
Return type: UUID

property bin¶

Computes the binary string value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in binary string form
Return type: str

property bytes¶

Computes the bytes value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in bytes form
Return type: bytes

property float¶

Computes the float value of the underlying memoryview in big-endian byte order.

Returns: Bytes in float form.
Return type: float

property hex¶

Computes the hexadecimal string value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in hexadecimal string form
Return type: str

property int¶

Computes the integer value of the underlying memoryview in big-endian byte order.

Returns: Bytes in integer form.
Return type: int

property oct¶

Computes the octal string value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in octal string form
Return type: str

ulid/base32¶

Functionality for encoding/decoding ULID strings/bytes using Base32 format.

Note

This module makes the trade-off of code duplication for inline computations over multiple function calls for performance reasons. I’ll check metrics in the future to see how much it helps and if it’s worth it to maintain.

Base32 Documentation <http://www.crockford.com/wrmg/base32.html>
NUlid Project <https://github.com/RobThree/NUlid>

ulid.base32.ENCODING¶: Base32 character set. Excludes characters “I L O U”.

ulid.base32.DECODING¶: Array that maps encoded string char byte values to enable O(1) lookups.

ulid.base32.encode(value: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview]) → str ¶

Encode the given bytes instance to a str using Base32 encoding.

Note

You should only use this method if you’ve got a bytes instance and you are unsure of what it represents. If you know the the _meaning_ of the bytes instance, you should call the encode_* method explicitly for better performance.

Parameters: value (bytes, bytearray, or memoryview) – Bytes to encode
Returns: Value encoded as a Base32 string
Return type: str
Raises: ValueError – when the value is not 6, 10, or 16 bytes long

ulid.base32.encode_ulid(value: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview]) → str ¶

Encode the given buffer to a str using Base32 encoding.

Note

This uses an optimized strategy from the NUlid project for encoding ULID bytes specifically and is not meant for arbitrary encoding.

Parameters: value (bytes, bytearray, or memoryview) – Bytes to encode
Returns: Value encoded as a Base32 string
Return type: str
Raises: ValueError – when the value is not 16 bytes

ulid.base32.encode_timestamp(timestamp: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview]) → str ¶

Encode the given buffer to a str using Base32 encoding.

The given bytes are expected to represent the first 6 bytes of a ULID, which are a timestamp in milliseconds.

Note

This uses an optimized strategy from the NUlid project for encoding ULID bytes specifically and is not meant for arbitrary encoding.

Parameters: timestamp (bytes, bytearray, or memoryview) – Bytes to encode
Returns: Value encoded as a Base32 string
Return type: str
Raises: ValueError – when the timestamp is not 6 bytes

ulid.base32.encode_randomness(randomness: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview]) → str ¶

Encode the given buffer to a str using Base32 encoding.

The given bytes are expected to represent the last 10 bytes of a ULID, which are cryptographically secure random values.

Note

This uses an optimized strategy from the NUlid project for encoding ULID bytes specifically and is not meant for arbitrary encoding.

Parameters: randomness (bytes, bytearray, or memoryview) – Bytes to encode
Returns: Value encoded as a Base32 string
Return type: str
Raises: ValueError – when the randomness is not 10 bytes

ulid.base32.decode(value: str) → bytes ¶

Decode the given Base32 encoded str instance to bytes.

Note

You should only use this method if you’ve got a str instance and you are unsure of what it represents. If you know the the _meaning_ of the str instance, you should call the decode_* method explicitly for better performance.

Parameters

value (str) – String to decode

Returns

Value decoded from Base32 string

Return type

bytes

Raises

ValueError – when value is not 10, 16, or 26 characters
ValueError – when value cannot be encoded in ASCII

ulid.base32.decode_ulid(value: str) → bytes ¶

Decode the given Base32 encoded str instance to bytes.

Note

This uses an optimized strategy from the NUlid project for decoding ULID strings specifically and is not meant for arbitrary decoding.

Parameters

value (str) – String to decode

Returns

Value decoded from Base32 string

Return type

bytes

Raises

ValueError – when value is not 26 characters
ValueError – when value cannot be encoded in ASCII

ulid.base32.decode_timestamp(timestamp: str) → bytes ¶

Decode the given Base32 encoded str instance to bytes.

The given str are expected to represent the first 10 characters of a ULID, which are the timestamp in milliseconds.

Note

This uses an optimized strategy from the NUlid project for decoding ULID strings specifically and is not meant for arbitrary decoding.

Parameters

timestamp (str) – String to decode

Returns

Value decoded from Base32 string

Return type

bytes

Raises

ValueError – when value is not 10 characters
ValueError – when value cannot be encoded in ASCII

ulid.base32.decode_randomness(randomness: str) → bytes ¶

Decode the given Base32 encoded str instance to bytes.

The given str are expected to represent the last 16 characters of a ULID, which are cryptographically secure random values.

Note

This uses an optimized strategy from the NUlid project for decoding ULID strings specifically and is not meant for arbitrary decoding.

Parameters

randomness (str) – String to decode

Returns

Value decoded from Base32 string

Return type

bytes

Raises

ValueError – when value is not 16 characters
ValueError – when value cannot be encoded in ASCII

ulid.base32.str_to_bytes(value: str, expected_length: int) → bytes ¶

Convert the given string to bytes and validate it is within the Base32 character set.

Parameters

value (str) – String to convert to bytes
expected_length (int) – Expected length of the input string

Returns

Value converted to bytes.

Return type

bytes

ulid/hints¶

Contains type hint definitions across modules in the package.

ulid.hints.Bool¶: alias of builtins.bool

ulid.hints.Buffer¶

Type hint that defines multiple types that implement the buffer protocol that can encoded into a Base32 string.

alias of Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview]

ulid.hints.Bytes¶: alias of builtins.bytes

ulid.hints.Datetime¶: alias of datetime.datetime

ulid.hints.Float¶: alias of builtins.float

ulid.hints.Int¶: alias of builtins.int

ulid.hints.Module¶: alias of builtins.module

ulid.hints.Primitive¶

Type hint that defines multiple primitive types that can represent parts or full ULID.

alias of Union[int, float, str, bytes, bytearray, memoryview]

ulid.hints.Str¶: alias of builtins.str

class ulid.hints.UUID(hex=None, bytes=None, bytes_le=None, fields=None, int=None, version=None, *, is_safe=<SafeUUID.unknown: None>)¶

Instances of the UUID class represent UUIDs as specified in RFC 4122. UUID objects are immutable, hashable, and usable as dictionary keys. Converting a UUID to a string with str() yields something in the form ‘12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789abc’. The UUID constructor accepts five possible forms: a similar string of hexadecimal digits, or a tuple of six integer fields (with 32-bit, 16-bit, 16-bit, 8-bit, 8-bit, and 48-bit values respectively) as an argument named ‘fields’, or a string of 16 bytes (with all the integer fields in big-endian order) as an argument named ‘bytes’, or a string of 16 bytes (with the first three fields in little-endian order) as an argument named ‘bytes_le’, or a single 128-bit integer as an argument named ‘int’.

UUIDs have these read-only attributes:

bytes the UUID as a 16-byte string (containing the six
integer fields in big-endian byte order)

bytes_le the UUID as a 16-byte string (with time_low, time_mid,
and time_hi_version in little-endian byte order)

fields a tuple of the six integer fields of the UUID,

which are also available as six individual attributes and two derived attributes:

time_low the first 32 bits of the UUID time_mid the next 16 bits of the UUID time_hi_version the next 16 bits of the UUID clock_seq_hi_variant the next 8 bits of the UUID clock_seq_low the next 8 bits of the UUID node the last 48 bits of the UUID

time the 60-bit timestamp clock_seq the 14-bit sequence number

hex the UUID as a 32-character hexadecimal string

int the UUID as a 128-bit integer

urn the UUID as a URN as specified in RFC 4122

variant the UUID variant (one of the constants RESERVED_NCS,
RFC_4122, RESERVED_MICROSOFT, or RESERVED_FUTURE)

version the UUID version number (1 through 5, meaningful only
when the variant is RFC_4122)

is_safe An enum indicating whether the UUID has been generated in
a way that is safe for multiprocessing applications, via uuid_generate_time_safe(3).

Create a UUID from either a string of 32 hexadecimal digits, a string of 16 bytes as the ‘bytes’ argument, a string of 16 bytes in little-endian order as the ‘bytes_le’ argument, a tuple of six integers (32-bit time_low, 16-bit time_mid, 16-bit time_hi_version, 8-bit clock_seq_hi_variant, 8-bit clock_seq_low, 48-bit node) as the ‘fields’ argument, or a single 128-bit integer as the ‘int’ argument. When a string of hex digits is given, curly braces, hyphens, and a URN prefix are all optional. For example, these expressions all yield the same UUID:

UUID(‘{12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678}’) UUID(‘12345678123456781234567812345678’) UUID(’urn:uuid:12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678’) UUID(bytes=’x12x34x56x78’*4) UUID(bytes_le=’x78x56x34x12x34x12x78x56’ +

‘x12x34x56x78x12x34x56x78’)

UUID(fields=(0x12345678, 0x1234, 0x5678, 0x12, 0x34, 0x567812345678)) UUID(int=0x12345678123456781234567812345678)

Exactly one of ‘hex’, ‘bytes’, ‘bytes_le’, ‘fields’, or ‘int’ must be given. The ‘version’ argument is optional; if given, the resulting UUID will have its variant and version set according to RFC 4122, overriding the given ‘hex’, ‘bytes’, ‘bytes_le’, ‘fields’, or ‘int’.

is_safe is an enum exposed as an attribute on the instance. It indicates whether the UUID has been generated in a way that is safe for multiprocessing applications, via uuid_generate_time_safe(3).

ulid/ulid¶

Object representation of a ULID.

class ulid.ulid.Timestamp(buffer: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview])¶

Represents the timestamp portion of a ULID.

Unix time (time since epoch) in milliseconds.
First 48 bits of ULID when in binary format.
First 10 characters of ULID when in string format.

property str¶

Computes the string value of the timestamp from the underlying memoryview in Base32 encoding.

Returns: Timestamp in Base32 string form.
Return type: str
Raises: ValueError – if underlying memoryview cannot be encoded

property timestamp¶

Computes the Unix time (seconds since epoch) from its memoryview.

Returns: Timestamp in Unix time (seconds since epoch) form.
Return type: float

property datetime¶

Creates a datetime instance (assumes UTC) from the Unix time value of the timestamp with millisecond precision.

Returns: Timestamp in datetime form.
Return type: datetime

property bin¶

Computes the binary string value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in binary string form
Return type: str

property bytes¶

Computes the bytes value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in bytes form
Return type: bytes

property float¶

Computes the float value of the underlying memoryview in big-endian byte order.

Returns: Bytes in float form.
Return type: float

property hex¶

Computes the hexadecimal string value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in hexadecimal string form
Return type: str

property int¶

Computes the integer value of the underlying memoryview in big-endian byte order.

Returns: Bytes in integer form.
Return type: int

property oct¶

Computes the octal string value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in octal string form
Return type: str

class ulid.ulid.Randomness(buffer: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview])¶

Represents the randomness portion of a ULID.

Cryptographically secure random values.
Last 80 bits of ULID when in binary format.
Last 16 characters of ULID when in string format.

property str¶

Computes the string value of the randomness from the underlying memoryview in Base32 encoding.

Returns: Timestamp in Base32 string form.
Return type: str
Raises: ValueError – if underlying memoryview cannot be encoded

property bin¶

Computes the binary string value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in binary string form
Return type: str

property bytes¶

Computes the bytes value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in bytes form
Return type: bytes

property float¶

Computes the float value of the underlying memoryview in big-endian byte order.

Returns: Bytes in float form.
Return type: float

property hex¶

Computes the hexadecimal string value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in hexadecimal string form
Return type: str

property int¶

Computes the integer value of the underlying memoryview in big-endian byte order.

Returns: Bytes in integer form.
Return type: int

property oct¶

Computes the octal string value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in octal string form
Return type: str

class ulid.ulid.ULID(buffer: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview])¶

Represents a ULID.

128 bits in binary format.
26 characters in string format.
16 octets.
Network byte order, big-endian, most significant bit first.

property str¶

Computes the string value of the ULID from its memoryview in Base32 encoding.

Returns: ULID in Base32 string form.
Return type: str
Raises: ValueError – if underlying memoryview cannot be encoded

timestamp() → ulid.ulid.Timestamp ¶

Creates a Timestamp instance that maps to the first 48 bits of this ULID.

Returns: Timestamp from first 48 bits.
Return type: Timestamp

randomness() → ulid.ulid.Randomness ¶

Creates a Randomness instance that maps to the last 80 bits of this ULID.

Returns: Timestamp from first 48 bits.
Return type: Timestamp

property uuid¶

Creates a UUID instance of the ULID from its bytes representation.

Returns: UUIDv4 from the ULID bytes
Return type: UUID

property bin¶

Computes the binary string value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in binary string form
Return type: str

property bytes¶

Computes the bytes value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in bytes form
Return type: bytes

property float¶

Computes the float value of the underlying memoryview in big-endian byte order.

Returns: Bytes in float form.
Return type: float

property hex¶

Computes the hexadecimal string value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in hexadecimal string form
Return type: str

property int¶

Computes the integer value of the underlying memoryview in big-endian byte order.

Returns: Bytes in integer form.
Return type: int

property oct¶

Computes the octal string value of the underlying memoryview.

Returns: Memory in octal string form
Return type: str